Sosyal kültürel faktörlerin çevirideki rolü

Abstract

Translation is a many-sided occupation. Its definition has been stated in various ways parallel to historical developments, however, as meaning it has given almost the same message. Among the reasons why translation has got so many various definitions we can mention the position of the translator; the type of the translation text: socio-cultural and other pecularities of the society of the translated text; the features of the text writer, etc... The dictionary meaning of translation is transition; re-organisation, copying, reproducing. etc Apart from these equivalences the linguists, literati, cultura-scientists are defining it relevant to their own brances. Beside these different definitions various comparisons if translation have been made by different scientists; it is compared to women, to the Turkish carpet, to a place between heaven and hell and to a fishing net etc... The most responsible person to a successful or unsuccessful translation is the translator himself. To be successful, the translator should know and use the target language into which he is going to translate and his mother tongue very well. Furthermone, the society of the to be translated work, the writer of the work, and all the features of the writer, etc....will determine the rate of his success. Martin Luther, the starter of the translation movement in Germany has mentioned his experience, and the difficulies he came across while translating a text in his work "Circular on Translation"later on famous authors and poets like Goethe, Humboldt, Schleiermacher, Benjamin stated their interesting ideas and experiences about translation. In Turkey the translation movements started for the first time in 1941 at the time of the Minister of Education Hasan Ali Yücel who founded the "Translation Chamber" in resemblance to some commettees establisted at the time of the Ottoman period and made the Turkish People gain rather many useful and nice literary and scientific works- Together with these works periodicals on only translation have taken their places in the publication world. The pubished ones are: "Tercüme Dergisi", "Yazko Çeviri","Felsefe Tercümeleri Dergisi" and "Metis Çeviri", but unfortuately none of these periodicals are being published today. Today, there are Translations Science departments in Turkisch and German universities and many successful studies have been perormed on academic level. We can divide translation into three types; 1. Oral-Translation, 161 2.Writîen Translation, 3. Computer Translation, The Written Translation can also be divided into three parts, 1. Intra linguistick Translation, 2. Inter linguistic Translation, 3. Translation among indicators(Tarsformation) The Translation between languages can also be divided into tqo with in itself, 1. Free Translation, 2. Dependent Translation, The effort of combining the translation process to a scientific method is a subject which is considered very important by the famous translators. Translation scientist like ZOHAR,TOURY,HERMANS,GUTT and VERMEER have defended the idea to examine this subjeckt as theoretical, and have impored various ideas on method; However none of the translation scientists could develop a common theory. The subject on which the translation theorists are like -minded is the equivalence of the to be translated text on various levels. The translation science is in relation with all the other sciences, because the translation process must be applied in every branch. Culture has a very special place in the translation process an they have many common sides, because culture is like translation, connected with the other sciences. To learn the culture of a society will make the translation more successful. Evrey society has its own culture and traditions, and to transfer these to other nations is up to the sense of the translator. So, to become near to other cultures is possible with translation. This acquaintanceship is probable with the translation with in all branches of know edge. And especially the borrowing of words from other languages and vice versa is adding new words to the vocabularies of cultures. By this way many foreign words enter into our language. Some of these are: Computer, coffee, restaurant, bibliography, stress, problem, votka, cowboy, pizza, test, and etc.... The person who performs the translation process can naturally make various mistakes and these mistakes can vary. The mistakes made by cultur differences are not to be despised. The translation critics play an important role in the exposure of these mistakes. The translation criticism as a side branch of translation science has been developing very successfully in the world and Turkey. While finding the mistakes the critics consider many features of the translation text. The feauture that each critic considers as a mistake can be different. That is to say the text can be examined and criticized from different points of view. Expressions, proverbs, dialects and phrases related to regions can cause difficulties to the critics in finding the mistakes. The critics and the translation scientists are suggesting debates on exchanging their expenciences and to cease making mistakes. By the result of these debates the translation science which has only a 35 or 40 years past will develop more, and contribute to education.