Ebu Hayyan el-Endelüsi'nin hayatı ve el-Bahru'l-Muhit isimli tefsirindeki metodu

Abstract

Ebû Hayyân, who was one the famous scholors of his era in language and grammar lived in (654/1256- 745/1345) the first half of the 8 th. century Hegira; the 14 th. A. D. He had more than sixty works in prose and verse on language-principally in science of grammar, recitation of Qur'an and commentary. Unfortunately, we have to express that - handwriting and printed- totally only twenty copies could reach our time. Some studies on the field of grammar that Ebû Hayyân rose in fame have sepcially been made lately. "Ebû Hayyân en-Nahvî" written by Dr. Hatice el-Hadîsî is proir to these studies. We sellected, "el-Bahru'1-Muhît" the well-known commentaror of Ebû Hayyân which he was considered authority in his field, our subject matter of thesis/and tried to determine the steps he followed giving some examples we chose in various volumes and pages. In the first part of our study we gave a detailed information about Ebû Hayyân's life, childhood, surroundings, domestic position, knowledge, literary character, teachers, students, and works. In the second part, having made a general explonation how his commentory was written, its bibliography and simplifications and his ideas about commentaries and commentarors, we thought it would be a good service to make a short explanation about narrative and comprehetional commentaries which were the two basic parts of sicence of commentary. Then studying Ebû Hayyân's intenpretation from this point of view we tried fo put forward the subjects he dwelled on "el-Bahru'1-Muhîf is more a structural narrative commentary. The interpretor gave detailed explonation about his method in the preface of his work. According to this method the work used in verses were studied in a lingual, ethimological way and also their literary meanings. Then the views of successor and predecessor scholars about varient reading verses and their meanings were repo rted. Last of all they studied gramatically and analized all words used in 221 verses. They made explanations and literary arts in related verses. They paid great attention to avoid dealing with jurisprudance, and theology and referred the readers to related search books and encouraged them to look into sources. Ebû Hayyân was extremelly careful about not to use tell-tales and absolitely against them. Also, we complained about some commentarors that they narrated a great number of made -up stories in their books without making any check. Though he approximated the viewes of sufies with great care he presented a negative mode agains philosophers and those out of Sunnies ideas. In short, the commentary of Ebû Hayyân was the one which gave detailed information especially about sceince of language, grammar and recitation of Qur'an. His commentary was pressed several times in eight volumes and abridged by him and also by his student îbn Mektûm (749/1348). The two abridged works were pressed together on the margins around the main text of commentary.